Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) COSEWIC assessment and status report: chapter 18
Appendices
- Appendix 1a: Estimates of Numbers and Trends to 2001 for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in the COSEWIC Northern Mountain Population
- Appendix 1b: Estimates of Numbers and Trends to 2002 for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in the COSEWIC Southern Mountain Population
- Appendix 1c: Estimates of Numbers and Trends to 2001 for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in the COSEWIC Boreal Population
- Appendix 1d: Estimates of Numbers and Trends to 2001 for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in the COSEWIC Newfoundland (Island) Population
- Appendix 2a: Protected Areas that Afford Some Range Security for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in COSEWIC’s Northern Mountain (NM) and Southern Mountain (SM) National Ecological Areas (NEA)
- Appendix 2b: Protected areas that afford some range security for forest-dwelling woodland caribou in COSEWIC’s Boreal (B) National Ecological Area (NEA)
- Appendix 2c: Protected Areas that Afford Some Range Security for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in COSEWIC’s Newfoundland and Atlantic Populations in Canada
- Appendix 3a: Types, Criteria, and Characteristics of Ecotypes of Woodland Caribou
- Appendix 3b: Schematic of Woodland Caribou Ecotypes
- Appendix 4: Indicators of the Status of COSEWIC Populations of Caribou
Appendix 1a: Estimates of Numbers and Trends to 2001 for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in the COSEWIC Northern Mountain Population
Local population name | Prov./Terr. & Ref. no. | Pop. estimate |
SurveyYear | Trend in nos.1 | Range area (km2) |
Dens./ 100 km2 |
Survey type2 |
Conf. in estimate3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aishikik | YT 20 | 1 500 | 1998 | Increase | 16 119 | 9.3 | SRQ | High |
Atlin | YT14/BC | 800 | 1999 | Stable | 5 999 | 13.3 | Extr. | Mod. |
Bonnet Pl. | YT3/NT | 5 000 | 1982 | Unknown | 18 614 | 26.9 | G | Unkn. |
Carcross | YT16/BC | 450 | 1997 | Increase | 13 419 | 3.4 | SRQ | High |
Chisana | YT 22 | 400 | 2000 | Decrease | 13 000 | 3.1 | Extr. | High |
Clear Creek | YT 2 | 900 | 2001 | Stable | 4 873 | 18.5 | SRQ | High |
Coal River | YT 10/NT | 800 | 1996 | Unknown | Extr. | Mod. | ||
Ethyl Lake | YT 4 | 300 | 1993 | Stable | 3 961 | 7.6 | SRQ | High |
Finlayson | YT 8 | 4 100 | 1999 | Stable | 24 733 | 16.6 | SRQ | High |
Hart River | YT 1 | 1 200 | 1978 | Stable | 17 478 | 6.9 | TC | Low |
Ibex | YT 15 | 400 | 1998 | Unknown | 1 979 | 20.2 | SRQ | High |
Klaza | YT 19 | 600 | 2000 | Increase | 7 089 | 8.5 | TC | Mod. |
Kluane | YT 21 | 200 | 1999 | Decrease | 6 595 | 3.0 | TC | Mod. |
La Biche | YT 11/NT | 400 | 1993 | Unknown | G | Unkn. | ||
L. Rancheria | YT12/BC | 1 000 | 1999 | Increase | 4 134 | 24.2 | SRQ | Mod. |
Moose Lake | YT 5 | 200 | 1991 | Stable | 1 022 | 19.6 | SRQ | High |
Nahanni | YT 9 | 2 000 | 1996 | Unknown | 16 000 | 12.5 | Extr. | Mod. |
Pelly herds | YT 17 | 1 000 | 2001 | Unknown | G | Unkn. | ||
Redstone4 | YT 7/NT | 7 500 | 1982 | Unknown | G | Low | ||
Tatchun | YT 18 | 500 | 2000 | Stable | 7 091 | 7.1 | TC | High |
Tay River | YT 6 | 4 000 | 1991 | Stable | 25 148 | 15.9 | SRQ | High |
Wolf Lake | YT 13 | 1 400 | 1998 | Stable | 20 013 | 7.0 | SRQ | High |
YT/NWTsubt. | 34 650 | 22: 4/9/2/7 | 207 267 | 12.0 | 11/ 6/ 2/ 3 | |||
Atlin East | BC38/YT | 800 | 1999 | Stable | 5 999 | 13.3 | SRQ | Mod. |
Atlin West | BC 39 | 350 | 1998 | Stable | 4 398 | 8.0 | TC | Mod. |
Edziza | BC 27 | 200 | 1983 | Stable | 1 281 | 15.6 | E | Low |
Finlay | BC 25 | 200 | 1998 | Unknown | 3 084 | 6.5 | TC | Mod. |
Frog | BC 30 | 150 | 2000 | Unknown | 2 421 | 6.2 | G | Low |
Gataga | BC 31 | 250 | 2000 | Unknown | 4 436 | 5.6 | G | Low |
Horseranch | BC 35 | 850 | 1999 | Stable | 9 499 | 8.9 | SRQ | Mod. |
Jennings | BC 37 | 200 | 1970s | Unknown | 4 080 | 4.9 | G | Low |
Level-Kawdy | BC 28 | 1 650 | 1999 | Stable | 12 568 | 13.1 | TC | Mod. |
Liard Plateau | BC 34 | 150 | 2000 | Stable | 5 069 | 3.0 | G | Low |
L. Rancheria | BC36/YT | 1 000 | 1999 | Increase | 4 134 | 24.2 | SRQ | Mod. |
Muskwa | BC 32 | 1 250 | 2000 | Unknown | 16 786 | 7.4 | G | Mod. |
Pink Mtn. | BC 24 | 850 | 2000 | Declining | 11 602 | 7.3 | SRQ | Mod. |
Rabbit | BC 33 | 800 | 2000 | Unknown | 5 936 | 13.5 | E | Low |
Spatsizi | BC 26 | 2 200 | 1994 | Stable | 16 929 | 13.0 | TC | Mod. |
Tsenaglode | BC 29 | 200 | 1999 | Unknown | 3 015 | 6.6 | G | Low |
BC subtotal | 11 100 | 16:1/7/1/7 | 111 237 | 10.0 | 0/ 9/ 7/ 0 | |||
Common5 | YT/NT/BC | 1 800 | 2:1/1/0/0 | 10 133 | 0/ 2/ 0/ 0 | |||
NMP Total | 43 950 | 36:/4/15/3/14 | 308 371 | 11.3 | 11/13/9/3 |
1 Trend, as reported by jurisdictions. Standard criteria are needed. In subtotals row the coding is number of populations: increasing/stable/decreasing/unknown.
2 SRQ=stratified random quadrat; Extr=extrapolation; TC=total count; G=guess (few data); E=estimate (some data).
3 This confidence estimate is a qualitative evaluation in most cases. Totals are high/moderate/low/unknown
4 The Redstone population is listed as 5 000 to 10 000 and 7 500 is mid-range.
5 Local population numbers and areas common to Yukon and B.C. are subtracted from the total.
Appendix 1b: Estimates of Numbers and Trends to 2002 for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in the COSEWIC Southern Mountain Population
Local Population |
Prov. & Ref. no. | Pop. estim. |
Survey Year |
Trend in nos.1 |
Range area (km2) |
Dens./ 100 km2 |
Survey type2 |
Conf. in estimate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chase | BC 22 | 700 | 1993 | Stable | 11 390 | 6.1 | TCe | Low |
Graham | BC 23 | 300 | 2002 | Decreasing | 4 734 | 6.3 | TCe | Med. |
Kennedy Siding | BC 18 | 170 | 2002 | Stable | 1 470 | 1.6 | E | Med. |
Moberly | BC 19 | 170 | 2002 | Unknown | 5 115 | 3.3 | E | Med. |
Quintette | BC 17 | 200 | 2002 | Stable | 1 421 | 14.1 | E | Med. |
Takla | BC 21 | 100 | 2002 | Unknown | 1 850 | 5.4 | TC | Med. |
Wolverine | BC 20 | 400 | 1996 | Unknown | 8 315 | 4.8 | TCe | Low |
Belcourt | BC 40/AB | 100 | Unknown | 2 045 | 4.9 | See AB | ||
NC metapop. | BC 17-23 | 2 140 | 8:0/3/1/4 | 36 340 | 5.9 | 7:0/5/2/0 | ||
Charlotte | BC 13 | 50 | 1999 | Decrease | 2 650 | 1.9 | TC | Med. |
Itcha-Ilgachuz | BC 14a | 2 000 | 2000 | Stable | 9 457 | 21.1 | TCe | High |
Telkwa | BC 16 | 55 | 2000 | Stable | 1 828 | 3.0 | TCe | High |
Tweedsmuir | BC 15 | 300 | 1982 | Decrease | 12 811 | 2.3 | E | Med. |
Rainbows | BC 14b | 125 | 2000 | Decrease | 3 804 | 3.3 | TCe | High |
WC metapop. | BC 13-16 | 2 530 | 5:0/2/3/0 | 30 550 | 8.3 | 5:3/2/0/0 | ||
Hart Ranges | BC 12 | 450 | 1999 | Stable | 10 261 | 4.4 | E | Med. |
Narrow Lake | BC 11 | 65 | 1999 | Stable | 431 | 15.1 | TC | High |
George Mtn. | BC 10 | 5 | 1999 | Decrease | 441 | 1.1 | TC | High |
Barkerville | BC 9 | 50 | 2000 | Stable | 2 535 | 2.0 | Tce | High |
N. Cariboo Mtn. | BC 8 | 340 | 1999 | Unknown | 5 911 | 5.8 | Tce | Med. |
Wells Gray S. | BC 7b | 315 | 1998 | Decrease | 10 381 | 3.5 | Tce | Med. |
Wells Gray N. | BC 7a | 200 | 2000 | Stable | 6 346 | 3.2 | Tce | High |
Cent. Rockies | BC 6 | 20 | 1998 | Decrease | 7 265 | 0.3 | TC | Med. |
Revelstoke | BC 5 | 210 | 1998 | Decrease | 7 863 | 2.5 | TC | High |
Monashee | BC 4 | 10 | 2000 | Decrease | 2 082 | 0.5 | TC | Med. |
Cent. Selkirks | BC 3 | 130 | 1997 | Decrease | 4 813 | 2.7 | Tce | High |
S. Purcells | BC 2 | 20 | 2000 | Stable | 2 962 | 0.7 | Tce | High |
S. Selkirks | BC1/I D | 35 | 2000 | Stable | 1 500 | 2.3 | Tce | High |
S. metapop. | BC 1-12 | 1 850 | 13:0/6/6/1 | 62 791 | 3.0 | 13:8/5/0/0 | ||
SMP BC Total | BC 1- 23 | 6 555 | 26:0/11/10/5 | 129 680 | 5.1 | 25:11/12/ 2/0 | ||
Narraway(Belcourt) | AB1/BC 40 | 100 | 1999 | Unknown | 2 045 | 4.9 | AS | Low |
Redrock/Pr.Cr. | AB2/BC | 312 | 1993 | Stable-decr. | 1 900 | 16.4 | MR | Med. |
A la Pêche | AB3/BC | 170 | 1998 | Stable-decr. | 1 600 | 10.6 | TC | Med. |
S. Jasper NP | AB4/BC | 3138 | 1998 | Decrease | 2 200 | 6.3 | TC | Med. |
N. Banff NP | AB 5 | 433 | 1989 | Decrease | 600 | 5.5 | TC | Med. |
AB Totals | AB 1-5 | 753 | 5: 0/2/2/1 | 8 345 | 9.7 | 5:0/4/1/0 | ||
Common | BC/AB | 100 | 1:0/0/0/1 | 2 045 | ||||
SMP Total | BC + AB | 7 208 | 30:0/13/12/5 | 135 980 | 5.3 | 30:11/16/3/0 |
1 Trend, as reported by jurisdictions. Standard criteria are needed. In subtotals row the coding is number of populations: increasing/stable/decreasing/unknown.
2 TCe = total count & extrapolation from collared caribou; TC = total count; E = estimate; G = guess; AS = aerial survey; MR = mark & resight.
3 Mid point of 125-150.
4 Mid point of 25-40.
Appendix 1c: Estimates of Numbers and Trends to 2001 for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in the COSEWIC Boreal Population
Local population |
Prov./ ref. no. | Pop. estim. |
Surv. Year |
Trend in no.1 |
Range (km2) |
Dens./ 102km2 |
Surv. type2 |
Conf. in est. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NWT Boreal2 | NT 1 | 5200 | 1999 | Unknown | 433 504 | 1.2 | G | Low |
BC Boreal | BC41 | 725 | 1999 | Unknown | 51 541 | 1.4 | G | Low |
L. Smoky | AB 6/ | 80 | 2000 | Decrease | 1 900 | 4.2 | E | Mod. |
Bistcho | AB7/ NT | 400 | 1993 | Unknown | 11 200 | 3.6 | E | Low |
Caribou Mtn | AB8/NT | 400 | 1993 | Decrease | 22 700 | 1.8 | E | Mod. |
Chinchaga | AB 9 | 200 | 1993 | Unknown | 9 300 | 2.2 | E | Low |
Hotchiss | AB 10 | 15 | 1993 | Unknown | 600 | 2.5 | E | Low |
Deadwood | AB 11 | 50 | 1993 | Unknown | 2 200 | 2.3 | E | Low |
Red Earth | AB 12 | 800 | 1993 | Decrease | 17 400 | 4.6 | E | Mod. |
Richardson | AB 13 | 100 | 1993 | Unknown | 4 500 | 2.2 | E | Low |
SlaveLake | AB 14 | 50 | 1993 | Unknown | 3 000 | 1.7 | E | Low |
W. Athabasca | AB 15 | 360 | 1998 | Decrease | 4 700 | 13.1 | E | Mod. |
E. Athabasca | AB 16 | 480 | 1993 | Decrease | 9 700 | 5.0 | E | Mod. |
Air Weapons | AB 17 | 350 | 1993 | Stable | 11 200 | 3.1 | E | Mod. |
AB subtotals | 3 285 | 12:0/1/5/6 | 98 400 | 3.3 | ||||
Mid-Boreal | SK 1 | 760 | 2000 | Decrease | 110 498 | 0.7 | E | Low |
Athabasca Plain | SK 2 | 400 | 2000 | Unknown | 63 000 | 0.6 | E | Low |
Churchill R.Upl. | SK 3 | 3 780 | 2000 | Decrease? | 108 000 | 3.5 | E | Low |
SK subtotals | 4 940 | 3:0/0/2/13 | 281 498 | 1.8 | ||||
Wapisu | MB 2 | 100 | 2000 | Unknown | 6 950 | 1.4 | E | Unkn. |
Sisipuk-Kamuch.2 | MB 3 | 150 | 2000 | Unknown | 12 470 | 1.2 | G | Unkn. |
Kississing-Naosap 2 | MB 4 | 150 | 2000 | Stable | 10 060 | 1.5 | V,BT,TC | High |
Reed-Clearwater l. 2 | MB 5 | 125 | 2000 | Stable | 10 380 | 1.2 | V,BT,TC | High |
Waboden | MB 6 | 150 | 2000 | Unknown. | 17 050 | 0.9 | E | Unkn. |
Island Lake2 | MB 7 | 750 | 2000 | Unknown | 23 240 | 3.2 | G | Unkn. |
Gunisao-Hudwin 2 | MB 8 | 375 | 2000 | Unknown | 14 380 | 2.6 | G | Unkn. |
The Bog2 | MB 9 | 63 | 2000 | Stable | 4 610 | 1.4 | V,TC,LK | Mod. |
Swan-Pelican2 | MB 10 | 63 | 2000 | Stable | 4 190 | 1.5 | E | Mod. |
William L. | MB 11 | 25 | 2000 | Unknown | 3 750 | 0.7 | V,LK,E | Low |
North Interlake2 | MB 12 | 63 | 2000 | Unknown | 10 330 | 0.6 | V,LK,E | Mod. |
Atikaki-Berens2 | MB 13 | 400 | 2000 | Unknown | 21 140 | 1.9 | V,LK,E | Unkn. |
Owl-Flintstone2 | MB 14 | 70 | 2000 | Stable | 3 640 | 1.9 | T, TC | High |
MB subtotals | 2484 | 13:0/5/0/8 | 173 670 | 1.4 | ||||
N. commercial For. | ON | 2 277 | ||||||
In commercial For. | ON | 1 328 | ||||||
Pot. commerc. For. | ON | 481 | ||||||
In parks & islands | ON | 839 | ||||||
ON subtotals | 4 925 | NA | ||||||
QC 50oN-55oN | QC | <10 000 | 2000 | |||||
Val D’Or | QC 1 | 65 | ||||||
Grands Jardins | QP 2 | 103 | 1998 | |||||
Lac Joseph | QP3/L1 | See Labr | ||||||
QC subtotals | 10 000 | NA | ||||||
Lac Joseph | NF: L 1 | 1 025 | 2000 | Increase | 50 000 | 2.1 | MR | Mod |
Red Wine Mtn. | NF: L 2 | 129 | 1997 | Decrease | 35 000 | 0.4 | BT | High |
Mealy Mtn. | NF: L 3 | 253 | 1997 | Decrease | 20 000 | 1.3 | BT | High |
Labr. subtot | 1 407 | 3:1/0/2/0 | 105 000 | 1.3 | ||||
Boreal pop. | 32 966 | 33:1/6/9/173 | 1 143 613 |
1 Trend, as reported by jurisdictions. Standard criteria are needed. In subtotals row the coding is number of populations: increasing/stable/decreasing/unknown. Footnotes continued below Appendix 1d.
2 G=guess; E=estimate; V=visual sightings; BT=belt strip transect: TC=total; LK=local knowledge; T=track counts.
3 Mid points given for NWT Boreal (4000-6400), Sisipuk-Kamuchawie (100-200), Kississing-Naosap lakes (100-200), Reed-Yawningstone-Clearwater lakes (100-150), Island Lake (500-1000), Gunisao- Hudwin lakes (250-500), The Bog (50-75), Swan-Pelican lakes (50-75), North Interlake (50-75), Atikaki-Berens (300-500), Owl-Flintstone lakes (65-75), and Val D’Or (40-90).
Appendix 1d: Estimates of Numbers and Trends to 2001 for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in the COSEWIC Newfoundland (Island) Population
Local population (I = introduced) |
Prov./ ref. no. |
Pop. estim. |
Surv. year |
Trend in nos.1 | Range (km2) |
Density/ 100 km2 |
Survey type2 |
Conf. in estimate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Avalon | NF 1 | 1 850 | 1998 | Decrease | 3 509 | 52.7 | SQR | 29% |
Baie Verte | NF 2 | 600 | 1996 | Increase | 4 159 | 14.4 | BT | 74% |
Bay de Verte (I) | NF 3 | 100 | 1995 | Stable | 733 | 13.6 | TC | Mod. |
Brunette Isl. (I) | NF 4 | 75 | 1996 | Stable | 22 | 340.9 | TC | Mod. |
Buchans | NF 5 | 7 800 | 2000 | Stable | 1 200 | 650.0 | SQR | 12% |
Burin Pen. (I) | NF 6 | 500 | 1995 | Increase | 501 | 99.8 | BT | 66% |
Cape Shore (I) | NF 7 | 1 400 | 2000 | Increase | 576 | 243.1 | BT | 57% |
Corner Brook | NF 8 | 700 | 1997 | Stable | 543 | 128.9 | BT | Mod. |
Fogo Island (I) | NF 9 | 200 | 1996 | Increase | 255 | 78.4 | TC | Mod. |
Gaff Topsails | NF 10 | 6 000 | 1989 | Increase | 3 334 | 180.0 | MR | 23% |
Gregory Plat. (I) | NF 11 | 360 | 1987 | Stable | Unkn. | TC, V | Low | |
Grey Island (I) | NF 12 | 600 | 1992 | Increase | 141 | 425.5 | TC | Mod |
Grey River | NF 13 | 16 500 | 1997 | Increase | 9 375 | 176.0 | MR | 10% |
Gros Morne | NF 14 | 2 800 | 1997 | Increase | 1 960 | 142.9 | TGC | 16% |
Hampden Downs | NF 15 | 850 | 1994 | Increase | 584 | 145.5 | BT | 57% |
Humber | NF 16 | 4 500 | 1998 | Increase | 6 635 | 67.8 | SQR | 34% |
La Poile | NF 17 | 10 500 | 1997 | Increase | 2 607 | 402.8 | MR | 18% |
Merasheen Isl. (I) | NF 18 | 280 | 2001 | Stable | 300 | 93.3 | TC | Mod. |
Middle Ridge | NF 19 | 19 800 | 1995 | Increase | 5 691 | 347.9 | MR | 10% |
Mount Peyton | NF 20 | 1 700 | 1994 | Stable | 268 | 634.3 | SQR | 29% |
Northern Pen. | NF 21 | 8 200 | 1996 | Increase | 17 686 | 46.4 | BT | 34% |
Port Au Port (I) | NF 22 | 44 | 1982 | Stable | 386 | 11.4 | TC | Mod. |
Pot Hill | NF 23 | 5 200 | 1997 | Increase | 1 171 | 444.1 | MR | 22% |
Random Island (I) | NF 24 | 20 | 1995 | Stable | 141 | 14.2 | TC | Mod. |
Sandy Lake | NF 25 | 1 000 | 1997 | Stable | 340 | 294.1 | MR | 29% |
Sound Island (I) | NF 26 | 33 | 1991 | Stable | 14 | 235.7 | TC | Mod. |
St. Anthony (I) | NF 27 | 8 400 | 1998 | Increase | 4 132 | 203.3 | SQR | 40% |
NFP Totals | 100 012 | 27:5/11/1/0 | 66 263 | 150.4 |
1 Trend, as reported by jurisdiction. Standard criteria are needed (see page 39). In subtotals row the coding is number of populations: increasing/stable/decreasing/unknown.In totals row, the coding is number of populations: increasing/stable/decreasing/unknown.
2 SRQ= stratified random quadrat; BT = belt strip transect; TC = total count; MR = mark-resight; V = visual; TGC = total ground count.
Appendix 2a: Protected Areas that Afford Some Range Security for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in COSEWIC’s Northern Mountain (NM) and Southern Mountain (SM) National Ecological Areas (NEA)
NEA | Protected area1 | Local pop. of caribou & numbers | Proportion of caribou range | Proportion of pop. (nos.) in PA | Important range in PA2 | Security of PA3 | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NM | Ddah Ghro SMA – ex MacArthur GS | Ethyl Lake herd (est. 300) | 20% (about 800 km2 of 4000 km2 total range) | Seasonally in summer & fall | Some CR & rutting areas | Manage. Plan in dev. | Yukon Prot. Area Strategy |
NM | Kluane GS (YT) & Wrangle-St. Elias NP(AK) | Chisana herd (est. 400) | 70% (about 9000 km2 of 13 000 km2 total range) | Variable but most of the time | Core WR, all CR & most of SR | NH & LD | Farnell, p.c. 2001 |
NM | Nahanni Nat. Pk. Reserve 4766 km2 | Nahanni (est. 2000 caribou) |
12% (ca. 2000 km2 of total range of 16 000 km2) | Numbers vary (move in/ out park) | Imp. WR for part of population | NH, LD | Gullickson 2000 |
NM | N. B.C. | Not available | |||||
SM | Cent./S B.C. | Not available | |||||
SM | Kakwa Wildland | Narraway | 18% | Variable | SR | LD | Szkorupa p.c. 2000 |
SM | Willmore Wilderness | A la Pêche/ N.JasperNP | 72% | Variable | SR & recent WR | LD, HA | As above |
SM | JNP, Whitegoat Wilderness | South Jasper/ Whitegoat | 100% | All | YR range | LD, NH | As above |
SM | BNP, Siffleur Wilderness | North Banff/Siffleur | 100% | All | YR range | LD, NH | As above |
1 SMA = Special Management Area, GS = Game sanctuary, NP = National Park, PP = Provincial Park
2 CR = calving range, WR = winter range, SR = summer range. YR = year round range.
3 HA = hunting allowed, NH = no hunting, LD = limited development
Appendix 2b: Protected areas that afford some range security for forest-dwelling woodland caribou in COSEWIC’s Boreal (B) National Ecological Area (NEA)
NEA | Protected area1 | Local pop. of caribou & numbers | Prop. caribou range in PA | Prop. of pop. (nos.) in PA | Important range in PA2 | Security of PA3 | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | Sahyoue, NWT 2894 km2 |
NWT | Unknown | Unknown | Annual? | ND | Gunn p.c. 2001 |
B | Edacho, NWT 2642 km2 |
NWT | Unknown | Unknown | Annual? | ND | As above |
B | Edehzhie, NWT 24 590 km2 |
NWT | Unknown | Unknown | Annual? | ND | As above |
B | Wood Buffalo NWT: 9225 km2 |
NWT | Unknown | Unknown | Annual? | ND | As above |
B | Birch Mtn. Wildland. AB | Red Earth | 2% | Variable | Unknown | LD | Szkorupa p.c.2001 |
B | Marguerite River Wildland, AB | Richardson | 7% | Variable | Unknown | LD | As above |
B | Stony Mtn. & Grand Rapids Wildlands, AB | ESAR | 3% | Variable | Unknown | LD | As above |
B | Air Weapons Range, AB | CLAWR | 67% | Variable | Unknown | Lim. access/ disturb. | As above |
B | Caribou Mtn. Wildland PP 5910 km2 |
Caribou Mountains/ Yates |
80% | Edmonton Journal 25/07/01 |
|||
B | Wood Buffalo NP, AB | Caribou Mtns/ Yates | 4% | Variable | Unknown | NH, LD |
Szkorupa p.c.2001 |
B | Chinchaga Wildland, AB | Chinchaga | 9% | Variable | Unknown | LD | As above |
B | Prince Albert NP, SK | PA Nat’l Pk Est. 30 |
15% | Important S/F range | NH, little disturb. | Trottier, p. c. 2001 | |
B | Wildcat Hills Wildern. Area, SK | Est. 5-10 | 10% | HA, poor access | |||
B | Seager-Wheeler Repr. Area, SK | Est. 10-30 | 40% | Important YR | HA, poor access | ||
B | Narrow Hills PP, SK |
Est. 15-20 | 10% | Important SR | HA, good access | ||
B | Wapawekka Hills Repr. Area, SK | Est. 25-30 | 60% | Important YR | HA, poor access | ||
B | Lac La Ronge PP, SK | Est. 60 | 50% | Imp.calving, S & W | HA, some disturbance | ||
B | Cold Lake Air Weapons Range | Est. 30-50 | 30% | Unknown | NH little disturb. |
||
B | Athabasca Sand Dunes PP Res,SK | Est. 10-15 | 50% | Important YR range | HA, very poor access |
1 SMA = Special Management Area, GS = Game sanctuary, NP = National Park, PP = Provincial Park
2 CR = calving range, WR = winter range, SR = summer range, YR = year round range.
3 HA = hunting allowed, NH = no hunting, LD = limited development, ND = no development.
Appendix 2c: Protected Areas that Afford Some Range Security for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in COSEWIC’s Newfoundland and Atlantic Populations in Canada
Pop./ NEA |
Protected area1 | Local pop. of caribou and numbers | Proportion of caribou range | Proportion of pop. (nos.) in PA | Important range in PA2 | Security of PA3 | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NF (Isl.) | Gros Morne NP. 1 960 km2 | Gros Morne (est. 2 800) |
75% (seasonal movements in & out) | Proportion varies | Important SR, WR, & CR | NH, Little disturb. |
Mahoney 2000 |
NF (Isl.) | Bay du Nord Wildern. Res. 2 859 km2 |
Middle Ridge (est. 20 000) |
50% (seasonal movements in-out) | Proportion varies | Important SR, WR, & CR | NH, Little disturb. |
As above |
NF (Isl.) | Avalon Wildern.Res. 1 070 km2 | Avalon (est. 1 850) |
50% (use varies) | Proportion varies | Important SR, WR, & CR | NH, Little disturb. |
As above |
Atlantic (Gasp-ésie) |
Gaspésie PP | Gaspésie Estimate 200 |
80-90% | 91% of collared | YR range | NH, little disturb. | Ouelett et al. 1996 |
1 NP = National Park, Wildern. Res. = Wilderness Reserve, PP = Provincial Park
2 SR = summer range, WR = winter range, CR = calving range, YR = year round range.
3 NH = no hunting.
Primary types | Criterion | Characteristics |
---|---|---|
Forest-tundra (migratory) or Forest dwelling (sedentary) | Seasonal range use (movement pattern) | Forest-tundra = taiga-tundra. Forest dwelling (boreal) may have short migrations (elevational shifts in mountains, latitudinal shifts on plains), have fixed summer range and variable winter range, or be essentially sedentary |
Mountain or Boreal forest (plains) | Occurrence in major landforms (Canada) | Mountain caribou make elevational shifts to alpine in summer from subalpine in winter (exception: some winter in alpine). Plains ecotype |
Secondary types | ||
Terrestrial or Arboreal | Winter lichens eaten | Differentiates northern and mountain ecotypes in B.C. Poles of a continuum, i.e., both lichen types used in many areas. |
Peatlands or Shield (islands/ Lakeshore/ streams | Occurrence within boreal forest | Large peatland complexes are most common south of the Shield. Caribou on the Shield are less likely to form local populations than on peatlands |
Indicator | Value | Pros and cons | Report |
---|---|---|---|
1. Total absolute numbers | Low | Effort increasing & better methods. Count accuracy & precision low | Table 1 |
2. Trend in absolute numbers | Low | Same as above row. Must partition natural and human effects on local populations | Table 2 |
3. Trend in numbers of local pops. | Medium | Trends (increasing/stable/decreasing/unknown) detected by several criteria. Need standard criteria for stable, etc. | Table 3, App. 1 |
4. Frequency distrib. of local pop. sizes | Medium | Shape of distribution is important. Small pops. likely vulnerable | Table 4 |
5. Frequency distrib. of range sizes | Fair | Potentially premier indicator but expensive (radio collars). Small areas a “red flag” | Table 5 |
6. Densities of local pop. | Low | Requires good data for indicators 1 & 4. Need baseline data for habitat type | Table 6 |
7. Concerns & perceived threats | High | Usually correct, often subjective. Need weighting of factors. Need long-range models for caribou habitat supply where logging & other development | Table 7 |
8. Database & current monitoring | Variable | Relates to indicators 1-6. Pop. demography etc., habitat changes | Table 8 |
9. Proportion of range protected | Medium | Limits development. Management options restricted. | App. 2 |
10. Subjective designations of risk | Medium | Synthesis of all information. Many unknowns (e.g., warming effect) | Table 10 |
11. Land-use plans include caribou | Unknown | Adaptive management. Landscape, stand and site considerations | |
12. Caribou range fragmentation index | Undeveloped | Need to develop criteria specifically for caribou | |
13. Habitat quality (integrity) index | Undeveloped | Need to develop criteria specifically for caribou. Mosaic component minimums | |
14. Genetic diversity & changes w/ time | Unknown | Need to monitor selected local populations. Need to establish effect on caribou fitness | |
15. Local population viability indices | Undeveloped | Need to agree on minimum viable pop. sizes, minimum range sizes including important components etc. | |
16. Level of funding for monitoring/manage | Undeveloped | Need to establish format (categories, sub categories, etc). |
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