American columbo (Frasera caroliniensis) COSEWIC assessment and status report: chapter 10

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Limiting Factors and Threats

The most immediate threat facing this species is invasive plants. Many of the sites visited by the authors were heavily infested by exotic species, including Alliaria petiolata, Rhamnus cathartica, Hesperis matronalis, Berberis thunbergii, Rosa multiflora, Cynanchum rossicum, Melilotus alba and Lonicera tatarica. Habitat disturbance, in the form of trails, dumping, and logging are also a concern. Several of the largest populations face development threats, notably 10, 11, and 12. Threats for particular populations are noted in Table 1. Except where noted in Table 1, no information regarding habitat trends at individual populations is available.