Kirtland's warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) COSEWIC assessment and status report: chapter 11
Technical Summary
Dendroica kirtlandii
Kirtland’s Warbler – Paruline de Kirtland
Range of Occurrence in Canada:
Ontario, Québec
Extent and Area Information
Extent of occurrence (EO) (km²)
[explain source of information and calculation]:
Unknown
Specify trend in EO :
Unknown
Are there extreme fluctuations in EO?
Not likely
Area of occupancy (AO) (km²)
[explain source of information and calculation]:
Unknown
Specify trend in AO :
Unknown
Are there extreme fluctuations in AO?
Not likely
Number of known or inferred current locations :
One
Specify trend in # :
Likely stable
Are there extreme fluctuations in number of locations?
Not likely
Specify trend in area, extent or quality of habitat :
Relatively stable, although quality changes with succession
Population Information
Generation time (average age of parents in the population) :
1-2 years
Number of mature individuals :
Unknown but likely < 10
Total population trend:
Unknown
% decline over the last/next 10 years or 3 generations.
Unknown
Are there extreme fluctuations in number of mature individuals?
Not likely
Is the total population severely fragmented?
Unknown
Specify trend in number of populations :
Stable
Are there extreme fluctuations in number of populations?
No
List populations with number of mature individuals in each:
Threats (actual or imminent threats to populations or habitats)
Reduction in habitat quality from fire suppression, loss and fragmentation of jack pine stands, and cowbird parasitism in some areas
Rescue Effect (immigration from an outside source)
Status of outside population(s)?
Increasing
Is immigration known or possible?
Possible
Would immigrants be adapted to survive in Canada?
Yes
Is there sufficient habitat for immigrants in Canada?
Yes
Is rescue from outside populations likely?
Yes, populations in Michigan could provide source
Quantitative Analysis
Current Status
COSEWIC: Endangered (2000 and 2008)
Status and Reasons for Designation
Status: Endangered
Alpha-numeric code: D1
Reasons for Designation: This warbler is a globally endangered species that occurs in very small numbers in Ontario and possibly Quebec. It is a habitat specialist and extremely vulnerable to cowbird nest parasitism. Habitat management and cowbird control in Michigan, the core of its range, have resulted in population increases, which could provide a source of birds for Canada. However, the U.S. population is still small and the number of sightings in Canada has remained low and constant since 1990, so there is no evidence of rescue for the Canadian population.
Applicability of Criteria
- Criterion A (Declining Total Population): Does not meet criterion.
- Criterion B (Small Distribution, and Decline or Fluctuation): Does not meet criterion.
- Criterion C (Small Total Population Size and Decline): Does not meet criterion.
- Criterion D (Very Small Population or Restricted Distribution): Meets criterion for Endangered D1 with < 250 mature individuals.
- Criterion E (Quantitative Analysis): None
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